Looking around the news, there is a story that the insurance regulators from five US states have just agreed a $2 million settlement with two Nationwide Life companies for failing to properly supervise the sale of annuities through one of their agents. This raises two questions. What exactly are annuities? and What can go wrong with them? An annuity is a variation on the traditional life insurance policy. As with any permanent policy, you pay a premium which is invested to build up a cash value. But, depending on the terms of the contract, you can receive payment of a lump sum or, more usually, a regular income from the insurance company before your death. For most people it’s the same as saving for retirement, except you buy a pension that pays out after you retire. To ensure the maximum control over annuities, they can only be bought through life insurance companies. In every US state, there is a Department or Office of Insurance to regulate local insurance companies. As you will understand from the news story, if an insurance company acts against the interests of its policyholders, the states can step in to fine the company and order the company to pay compensation to the policyholders affected. In the case of annuities, this is particularly important because the premiums are usually deductible from income before tax. The states therefore have a direct interest in ensuring annuities are not used for unlawful tax avoidance purposes.
Annuities are more complicated than the traditional life insurance contracts and it is always a good idea to have independent advice before buying. In theory, this ensures the fees and charges made by the insurance company are reasonable and that the minimum guaranteed amounts are a realistic investment return on the premiums you pay. During the first phase of the contract, all benefits are deferred, i.e. assuming your life continues, no benefits are paid. But when the trigger occurs – this may be a specific date or an event – the investment fund begins to make payments either to you or the person you nominated to receive the income. This payment can continue for a set period of time or during your lifetime. There can also be benefits paid to your dependents on death. None of this should prevent you from getting life insurance quotes for annuities through sites like this. Getting information about financial products is always useful. But never buy an annuity unless you are sure you understand exactly what the life insurance company is offering.
In the news story, a financial advisory firm in Kansas acted as the agent of two Nationwide Life companies. It sold annuities and then later persuaded its clients to transfer to a new set of annuities specially created by the Nationwide Life companies. In all cases, this transfer caused a loss of investment value to the clients and resulted in them paying $10 million in fees. When complaints were made, the Nationwide Life companies have reinstated the original policies, refunded the fees and paid a penalty to the state regulators. As an aside, this is what should be happening on a regular basis to all the brokers who missold sub-prime mortgages before the housing bubble burst. If you think you have been missold a life insurance product through life insurance quotes obtained online or as a result of bad advice, complain to your local state’s Department or Office of Insurance. If your complaint is upheld, you will be compensated for all your losses.
One of the quotes seeming to run forever is, “Never give a sucker an even break.” Coming from the movie of the same name, starring and written by W.C. Fields, it’s supposed to be a comic line but, first used as an ad-lib by Fields in 1923, it accurately represents the ruthless streak in US business. So, over the last eighteen months or so, banks and finance companies have been playing to packed houses, always trying to portray themselves as caring and sympathetic but, more often than not, coming over as the heartless mortgage-holders in potboiling melodramas who throw the heroine out on the streets when there’s six foot of snow on the ground. The evidence for this? Walk through any suburb or exurb and count the empty properties and their weather-beaten “For sale” signs as the foreclosures cut into the neighborhoods. Property values everywhere have been dropping like stones. We were all suckers, it seems, and no bank is ever going to give us an even break.
One of the “systems” supposed to help us navigate through all this negative equity is the joint package of Home Affordable Refinance Program (HARP) and Home Affordable Modification Program (HAMP). These run through http://makinghomeaffordable.gov/ and they help some people either refinance their existing loans or modify the terms to make them more affordable. If you run through the questionnaires, you can find out whether you are eligible. It would be fair to say this pair of programs has been controversial. With the politics so polarized, you hear whichever song you want to hear. From one side comes the attack that the plans are another example of “big government”. If folks cannot keep their payments up-to-date, that’s their problem. They should not look to the state for handouts. Taxes should not be used to bail out freeloaders. From the other side come the attacks that the programs are drawn up in a way that cuts down the number of eligible people to a minimum. Instead of helping the millions who are underwater with their loans, this is a Band-Aid trying to staunch a major hemorrhage.
In a way, it does not matter which side is right. What matters is whether anyone has been able to get real help. Well, the Bank of America has not been slow in coming forward with numbers. Since HAMP began, it claims to have modified the loans of 700,000 people. So how does this work? The first step is to negotiate and agree a trial modification. If this trial is a success, the bank agrees to make the modification permanent. Obviously, the trials have to run over a period of time to prove the borrowers can afford to pay. That explains why the Bank of America has only made 12,200 modifications permanent. It quickly says it has a further 13,700 loans waiting for the borrowers to sign the permanent agreement. Only 26,000 permanent modifications agreed may not sound many but do not forget the headline that 700,000 were admitted to the trial process. To encourage us, the Bank also says it will negotiate on a second mortgage (2MP). Putting the politics to one side, if you have problems with your home loan and your home is at risk, you should check out whether you are eligible under HARP or HAMP. No-one cares about which side is right about these programs so long as they help you solve your mortgage problems.
This February, the Department of Health and Human Resources has issued a report identifying an alarming trend for insurance companies to seek premium rate increases. This is not limited to one or two states. This is not limited to one or two percentage increases in the rates. This is all the leading insurance companies asking for the right to significantly higher premiums: in Michigan hikes of 56%, in California hikes of 39%, and so on. If this only affected small numbers of policyholders, it might have passed unnoticed. But, with millions of policyholders affected across the country, these rate increase requests have attracted the full scrutiny of the federal government. Secretary Sibelius has been leading the attack, using the requests to push the reform agenda forward.
Because of the national anger, some companies have paused. WellPoint had proposed the increases take effect from March 1. Any increases, even if approved by the states, will now be delayed until May at the earliest. This decision is partly in response to the summons of WellPoint’s chief executive officer to Washington to justify the requested increases. Insurance companies find themselves in a difficult political situation. Their management teams accept a duty to maximize profits for the benefit of the stockholders. They look around at an America seriously affected by the recession. Increasing numbers of people are unable to afford the premiums, some because of unemployment, others because of a squeeze on credit. More worrying from the insurance industry is that more healthy people are deciding not to insure at all. This means the group of people left holding policies has a higher percentage of those with existing health problems. Without more healthy people in the group paying premiums and not claiming, it becomes more expensive to insure those less healthy people who remain. It is also a verified fact that hospitals and healthcare service professionals have also been increasing their fees and charges. The pharmaceutical companies have increased the price of almost all the most commonly used drugs. The insurance industry is under pressure from both sides. As Secretary Sibelius points out, however, this is not a completely accurate picture. Every year, insurance companies are required to submit reports to all the US states in which they are licensed to sell policies. This data shows many companies actually increased the number of policyholders during 2009.
The market in health insurance plans is complicated by the political situation. Democrats and Republicans are two armies unable to agree a truce long enough for some reform to be made. As it stands, there is no immediate likelihood that medical costs will be controlled. If the costs continue to rise faster than inflation, insurers will have no choice other than increasing their premiums. If they do not, they will not have enough cash in hand to pay out on all the claims. This means, for the average person, it will become increasingly difficult to find cheap health insurance. For those with a pre-existing condition, group health insurance will be the only option but, for those plans, premiums are rising at their fastest rates. For years, it has been obvious that the healthcare industry is broken. It would be ironic if, having come this close to some meaningful reforms, we not only saw the reform bills lost in Washington, but also found every major insurer imposing massive premium increases. That really would be the final nail in the coffin.
